Pharmaceutical API Raw Material Adrenaline 99% L-Epinephrine Powder CAS 51-43-4

Pharmaceutical API Raw Material Adrenaline 99% L-Epinephrine Powder CAS 51-43-4

The Introductction of L-Epinephrine

L-Epinephrine is a white or off-white crystalline powder extracted from the adrenal medulla of domestic animals (cattle, sheep) or synthesized artificially, and has agonistic effects on both alpha and beta receptors. Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by chromophores in the adrenal medulla.

L-Epinephrine is mainly involved in sympathetic nervous system regulation. Its increased secretion causes increased cardiac activity - faster heart rate, increased cardiac output, higher blood pressure.

It is a white or off-white crystalline powder, odorless and bitter in taste. Very slightly soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and chloroform, soluble in mineral acid or sodium hydroxide solution. Unstable in neutral or alkaline aqueous solution, saturated aqueous solution shows weak alkaline reaction.

L-Epinephrine and its salts are easily decomposed and oxidized to pink to brownish red when they meet oxides, bases, light and heat.

The Application & Function of L-Epinephrine

-Function:

1. Effects on the heart

L-Epinephrine excites β1 receptors in the heart, strengthens myocardial contractility, accelerates conduction, speeds up heart rate, and increases cardiac output; it also dilates coronary vessels and improves myocardial blood supply. It improves myocardial metabolism, which can increase myocardial oxygen consumption and improve myocardial excitability. If the dose is too large or the speed of intravenous injection is too fast, it can cause arrhythmias and even ventricular fibrillation.

2. Effects on blood vessels

L-Epinephrine has both vasoconstrictive and diastolic effects on blood vessels, mainly because of the different types of receptors in each part of the body. It has a strong constricting effect on the blood vessels of skin, mucous membrane and internal organs (e.g. kidney), which are dominated by α receptors, and a diastolic effect on coronary vessels and skeletal muscle vessels, which are dominated by β2 receptors.

3. Raise blood pressure

L-Epinephrine excites the heart at the same time, small doses can make systolic blood pressure increase, diastolic blood pressure unchanged or decreased; high doses make both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase.

4. The effect on smooth muscle

L-Epinephrine agonize bronchial smooth muscle β2 receptor, can quickly and powerfully relax the bronchial smooth muscle, especially in the bronchial smooth muscle spasm effect is more obvious; on the gastrointestinal tract, bladder smooth muscle relaxation effect is weak, but the sphincter has a contraction effect.

In addition, epinephrine can also agonize α receptors, constrict bronchial mucosal blood vessels, reduce bronchial mucosal edema, and reduce the secretion of bronchial glands. Inhibit smooth muscle peristalsis of gastrointestinal tract, contract the pyloric and ileal sphincters, but when the sphincter spasm, but also has a relaxing effect, also can reduce the secretion of digestive glands. Constrict the iris radial muscle, make the pupil dilate, to have transient membrane animals can cause transient membrane contraction. The effect on the smooth muscle of the uterus is more complex and is mainly related to the species of the animal. In addition, adrenaline excites the respiratory center and raises blood glucose.

-Application:

1. As an emergency drug to restore cardiac function: It is commonly used for weak or sudden cardiac arrest caused by anaphylaxis, drowning, infectious diseases, drug poisoning, surgical accidents and heart block. In case of complete cardiac arrest, intracardiac injection can be used, together with effective artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

2. For allergic diseases: subcutaneous or intramuscular injection can treat allergic diseases, such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, bronchial asthma, hoof lobe inflammation, etc. It is also effective for allergic reactions caused by immune serum and vaccines.

3. Application with local anesthetics: add 0.1% epinephrine solution 0.5~1ml per 100ml of local anesthetics to constrict local blood vessels and delay the absorption of local anesthetics, which can prolong the anesthesia time and reduce the toxic reaction of anesthetics.

4. Topical application as local hemostatic drug: 1:5000～1:100,000 solution is used locally to make local vasoconstriction and stop bleeding from nasal mucosa, uterus, gums or surgical site, etc.

Other Name of L-Epinephrine:

Simplene
Soladren
Sindrenina
Adrenaline
Epinephrine
Scurenaline
Renostyptin
Styptirenal
L-Adrenalin
Stryptirenal
Sphygmogenin
L-Adrenaline
L-Epinephrine
L(-)-Epinephrine
L-Adrenaline base
Epinephrine, L(-)-
4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
l-3,4-Dihydroxy-alpha-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol
(2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylethanaminium
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-N-methylethanaminium

The COA of L-Epinephrine