PQQ was first recognized as a bacterial cofactor. Under appropriate conditions, PQQ is capable of catalyzing continuous redox cycling (the ability to catalyze repeated oxidation and reduction reactions), as well as oxidative deaminations (Rucker et al., 2009), thus, it can serve as an antioxidant. There is strong evidence PQQ may play an important role in pathways important to cell signaling.

Function
Help improve immune and higher brain function;
- Prevent and treat liver damage;
- Reduce free radical damage to human body;
- Regulate various neurological diseases;
- romote the absorption of amino acids;
- Prevent and treat alzheimer's disease;
- Active NK cells, enhance the antitumor activity;
- Improved sleep quality and duration as well as other metrics secondary to improved sleep;
- Increased transcription factors that activate antioxidant pathways;
- Enhances the formation of new mitochondria and increases cellular energy production.